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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

111个药品新增进入中国国家医保药品目录 新准入药品平均降价逾六成******

　　中新社北京1月18日电 (记者 李纯)据中国国家医疗保障局18日消息，2022年国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录调整工作已顺利结束，共有111个药品新增进入目录，121个药品谈判或竞价成功，谈判和竞价新准入的药品价格平均降幅达60.1%。

　　国家医保局当天在北京举行新闻发布会。国家医保局医药服务管理司副司长黄心宇在会上介绍说，本次医保药品目录调整后，新冠治疗药、肿瘤药、慢性病用药、罕见病用药、儿童用药等领域的保障水平得到进一步提升。

　　据发布会披露的消息，本次调整共有111个药品新增进入目录，3个药品被调出目录。从谈判和竞价情况看，147个目录外药品参与谈判和竞价(含原目录内药品续约谈判)，121个药品谈判或竞价成功，总体成功率达82.3%，创历年新高。谈判和竞价新准入的药品，价格平均降幅达60.1%。

　　本轮调整后，国家医保药品目录内药品总数达到2967种，其中西药1586种，中成药1381种；中药饮片未作调整，仍为892种。

　　黄心宇表示，2022年医保目录调整主要面向5年内上市或修改说明书的药品、新冠感染治疗用药、国家基本药物、罕见病用药等。本次新增药品包括高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、精神病等慢性病用药56种，肿瘤用药23种，抗感染用药17种，罕见病用药7种，新冠治疗用药2种，以及其他领域用药6种。

　　国家医保局自成立以来，已连续5年开展药品目录调整工作，累计将618个药品新增进入目录范围，同时将一批疗效不确切、临床易滥用的或被淘汰的药品调出目录，引领药品使用端发生深刻变化。

　　黄心宇说，5年来，国家医保局坚持“保基本”的功能定位，坚决杜绝天价药进医保，依托中国巨大的市场规模，通过谈判准入等方式，大幅降低新准入目录的药品价格，患者的负担明显减轻，医保基金使用效率显著提高。

　　他还指出，在很多治疗领域，中国的药品价格由原来的“高地”成为全球的“洼地”，中国药品价格首次成为发达国家药品定价的参考。2018年至2022年，谈判药品的平均降幅分别为56.7%、60.7%、50.6%、61.7%、60.1%，进口药品基本都给出了全球最低价。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）